Exploring Dynamic Dispatch in Rust: Unraveling the Power of Box<dyn Trait>

In Rust, Box<dyn Trait> represents a heap-allocated smart pointer to a type that implements a specific Trait. The dyn keyword is used to indicate that the specific type will be dynamically determined at runtime rather than at compile time. This is particularly useful when dealing with abstraction and polymorphism.

Let’s break it down:

• Box: It is a pointer to data allocated on the heap. It allows you to store data on the heap rather than the stack, enabling the storage of types with an unknown size at compile time (such as trait objects).
• dyn: A keyword in Rust used to indicate dynamic dispatch. It is used in conjunction with traits, signifying that, at runtime, the actual type will be known, allowing the invocation of methods defined in a specific trait.
• Trait: An abstract type that defines an interface of methods. By implementing a specific trait, a type can have associated behavior.

Therefore, Box<dyn Trait> represents an object allocated on the heap, implementing a specific trait, with the concrete type determined at runtime.

For example, suppose there is a trait Foo:

trait Foo {
     fn do_something(&self);
 }

You can create a Box<dyn Foo>, which can hold an instance of any type that implements the Foo trait, and call the do_something method at runtime:

trait Foo {
     fn…